Unfortunately, Bartholin’s cysts themselves may not be preventable, but keeping up general hygiene and practicing safer sex (thereby decreasing the risk of STIs) may help reduce the likelihood that they’ll become infected. However, it’s also possible that if the cyst or abscess is properly drained that antibiotics may not be necessary. Antibiotics may also be prescribed to folks who have recurring cysts or are at a higher risk for infection (e.g., pregnant women and those with compromised immune systems). If a culture taken from the drainage is positive for infection or if a patient tests positive for an STI, antibiotics may be prescribed. There are a number of circumstances under which antibiotics would be prescribed for a Bartholin’s cyst. For cysts that don't respond to these treatments, surgical removal may be advised (though it's rare). If cysts recur, another procedure called marsupialization may be utilized to create permanent, but tiny (less than a quarter inch) opening on either side of the cysts to help with drainage.
The good news is that pain typically goes away once the cyst has been drained. This procedure is usually done under local anesthesia or sedation. A small tube called a catheter is then placed in the incision and left there for about six weeks to allow for complete drainage of the cyst. Essentially, an incision is made in the cyst and the pus and fluid is then allowed to drain out. At this stage, surgical drainage may be necessary. If and when a Bartholin's cysts becomes infected, an abscess, or pus-filled pocket in the inflamed tissue, may result - which can be excruciatingly painful and may also cause a fever. However, it seems that the blockage and associated infections may be due to bacterial sexually transmitted infections (STIs) or E.coli. Often times, the cause of the blockage is unknown. If pain is associated with the cyst, it’s possible that the gland has not only become blocked, but also infected. If a cyst becomes significantly painful (in your wife’s case) or doesn’t respond to do-it-yourself strategies within two to three days, it may be time to consult a health care provider. Doing this may help the cyst rupture and drain on its own. If the cyst is noticeable and uncomfortable, it may respond to soaking in warm water about three to four times a day (for about 10 to 15 minutes each time). In that case, no treatment is typically required. Some Bartholin's cysts may go unnoticed because they’re either quite small or aren’t painful. The point at which the cyst becomes painful or doesn’t respond to at-home treatment is the time that medical attention may be necessary. The cyst can also swell and become tender. This cyst can make a bulge in the lip near the opening of the vagina.
If the opening to either of these glands becomes blocked (usually it’s only one of them at a time), a Bartholin's cyst may result.
Located on each side of the entrance into the vagina, this substance can ease penetration. The Bartholin's glands produce the fluid that lubricates the vulva's inner lips. On either side of the vaginal opening is a pair of glands called the Bartholin's ("Barcelona" was close) or vestibular glands.
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